Debt Clock France

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Keep track of France’s public spending, Social security and pensions debt and deficit.

Public spending

PUBLIC SPENDING

Total expenditures by the State, social security agencies, local authorities and related agencies and bodies

Public spending rose in 2025 to €1,695 billion. (+43 bn € in volume and +70 bn in value compared to 2024). This compares with €1,607.4 billion in 2023.

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Total new economic wealth generated in 2026
2,919.9 billion in 2024. Growth forecast for 2025: 2% (0.7% in volume, 1.3% in price).

Public expenditure/GDP

Total public spending as a percentage of GDP (2025)
0 .2%
compared with 56.9% in 2023. France ranks second in both the euro zone and the EU, behind Finland (57.6%). EU average: 49.6%. Germany: 49.5%. Netherlands: 43.9%. United States (37.6%).

GDP/CAPITA

France’s position in the IMF’s world ranking of wealth produced per capita (2024)
0 th
GDP in current dollars. France was 13th in 1980 (ahead of the United States), 11th in 1990, 19th in 2005.

SOCIAL EXPENSES

Social security debt

Amount of social security administration debt (ASSO) carried by the Social Debt Redemption Fund (CADES), the URSSAF National Fund (formerly Acoss), Unedic and the National Pension Fund for Local Government Employees (CNRACL)
143.4 billion in 2024. Forecast to end 2025: €166.4 billion. Cades, which is due to cease operations in 2033, has been unable to assume the social security debt since 2024, its ceiling having been reached. Acoss is now responsible for this task.

SOCIAL SECURITY DEFICIT

Balance of all compulsory basic schemes and FSV in 2026

Projected deficit of €19.4 billion. The initial deficit of €23.4 billion for 2026 will be artificially reduced by €4 billion in compensation from the State. Social security has accumulated a deficit of nearly €70 billion since 2022 (€23 billion in 2025, €18.3 billion in 2024, €11.1 billion in 2023 and €17 billion in 2022).

Social expenditures

All social benefits (health, old age, family, employment, housing, poverty and social exclusion)
France is the world champion in social spending (32.2% of GDP in 2023).

Social spending/GDP

Total social expenditure (health, old age, family, employment, housing, poverty and social exclusion) in 2023
0 .5%
For the eighth year running, France is the European champion in terms of social protection expenditure. EU average: 26.6%, a differential of 5 points, or 140 billion euros.

social security expenditure

Annual social expenditure (health, old age, family, employment, housing, poverty and social exclusion)
Forecast to end 2025: expenditure of €666.4 billion
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HEALTH EXPENSES

Annual health insurance expenditure (ONDAM)
Forecast to end 2025: €265.9 billion (+3.4% on 2024)

cost of work SICK dAYS

Cost of sick leave under the general scheme in 2023
0 .8
billions €
+56% increase between 2017 and 2022

Retirement expenses

Total gross pension expenditure estimated for 2026
Forecast to end 2025: €392.3 billion

Retirement system expenditure/GDP

Total gross pension expenditure in 2024
0 .6%
EU average: 11.9% (2022)

Pension system deficit

Real-time cumulative deficit amount between now and 2030
Projected deficit at the end of 2025: €6.6 billion; €15 billion in 2035 and €30 billion in 2045

Unemployment insurance debt

Amount of debt carried by Unédic

60.8 billion expected by the end of 2026. The French government has withdrawn €12.05 billion, bringing the debt reduction trajectory to a halt.

FOREIGN AID AGENCY DEBT

Debt of the Agence française du développement

Projected deficit of €19.4 billion. The initial deficit of €23.4 billion for 2026 will be artificially reduced by €4 billion in compensation from the State. Social security has accumulated a deficit of nearly €70 billion since 2022 (€23 billion in 2025, €18.3 billion in 2024, €11.1 billion in 2023 and €17 billion in 2022).
Sources : Loi de financement de la Sécurité sociale (LFSS) 2025, Caisse d’amortissement de la dette sociale (CADES), Comité d’alerte sur l’évolution des dépenses d’assurance maladie, Conseil d’orientation des retraites (COR), DREES, Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale (rapport octobre 2024), CNAM, Haut Conseil des finances publiques, FMI, FIPECO, Ministère de la fonction publique, Cour des Comptes (Situation financière et perspectives du système de retraites, février 2025), Unédic, prévisions financières 2025.
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